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Revolutionary Nonviolence: Concepts, Cases and Controversies provides an advanced introduction to the central philosophy, ideas, themes, controversies and challenges of applying revolutionary nonviolence in political struggles today, with a particular emphasis on reframing nonviolence through a postcolonial lens.Bringing together an eminent group of researchers and activist-scholars, this collection focuses on a number of important questions: Is a commitment to radical nonviolence a necessity for generating revolutionary change in society? Should revolutionary movements abandon their reliance on political violence as a tool of change? What are some of the practical and theoretical challenges of adopting revolutionary nonviolence today? What can we learn from groups, actors and cases of people who have used revolutionary nonviolence to struggle against injustice? With a mix of theoretical and case study based chapters, the volume explores these and other important questions about how to generate necessary and lasting revolutionary change today.

Nonviolence --- Revolutions --- Insurrections --- Rebellions --- Revolts --- Revolutionary wars --- History --- Political science --- Political violence --- War --- Government, Resistance to --- Non-violence --- Pacifism

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"Revolutions are a commonly studied but only vaguely understood historical phenomenon. Now updated to include the perspectives of grassroots revolutionary movements and biographies of often marginalized voices, this clear and concise text extends our understanding with a critical narrative analysis of key case studies: the 1910-1920 Mexican Revolution; the 1944-1954 Guatemalan Spring; the 1952-1964 MNR-led revolution in Bolivia; the Cuban Revolution that triumphed in 1959; the 1970-1973 Chilean path to socialism; the leftist Sandinistas in Nicaragua in power from 1979-1990; failed guerrilla movements in Colombia, El Salvador, and Peru; and the Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela after Hugo Chávez's election in 1998. Historian Marc Becker opens with a theoretical introduction to revolutionary movements, including a definition of what "revolution" means and an examination of factors necessary for a revolution to succeed. He analyzes revolutions through the lens of those who participated and explores the sociopolitical conditions that led to a revolutionary situation, the differing responses to those conditions, and the outcomes of those political changes. Each case study provides an interpretive explanation of the historical context in which each movement emerged, its main goals and achievements, its shortcomings, its outcome, and its legacy. The book concludes with an analysis of how elected leftist governments in the twenty-first century continue to struggle with issues that revolutionaries confronted throughout the twentieth century"--

Revolutions --- Revolutionaries --- Insurrections --- Rebellions --- Revolts --- Revolutionary wars --- History --- Political science --- Political violence --- War --- Government, Resistance to --- Latin America --- Politics and government

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The Arab revolutions of 2011 were a transformative moment in the modern history of the Middle East, as people rose up against long-standing autocrats throughout the region to call for 'bread, freedom and dignity'. With the passage of time, results have been decidedly mixed, with tentative success stories like Tunisia contrasting with the emergence of even more repressive dictatorships in places like Egypt, with the backing of several Gulf states. Focusing primarily on Egypt, this book considers a relatively understudied dimension of these revolutions: the role of prominent religious scholars. While pro-revolutionary ulama have justified activism against authoritarian regimes, counter-revolutionary scholars have provided religious backing for repression, and in some cases the mass murder of unarmed protestors. Usaama al-Azami traces the public engagements and religious pronouncements of several prominent ulama in the region, including Yusuf al-Qaradawi, Ali Gomaa and Abdullah bin Bayyah, to explore their role in either championing the Arab revolutions or supporting their repression. He concludes that while a minority of noted scholars have enthusiastically endorsed the counter-revolutions, their approach is attributable less to premodern theology and more to their distinctly modern commitment to the authoritarian state.

Arab Spring, 2010 --- -Revolutions --- Ulama --- Ulema --- Islam --- Muslim scholars --- Insurrections --- Rebellions --- Revolts --- Revolutionary wars --- History --- Political science --- Political violence --- War --- Government, Resistance to --- Arab Awakening, 2010 --- -Religious aspects --- Political activity --- Functionaries --- Social change --- Sociology of religion --- Community organization --- Political systems --- anno 2010-2019 --- Middle East --- Arab states --- Religious aspects

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This book traces the emergence and contestation of State responsibility for rebels during the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. In the context of decolonisation and capitalist expansion in Latin America, it argues that the mixed claims commissions-and the practices of intervention associated with them-served to insulate economic order against revolution, by taking the question of who assumed the risk of harm by rebels out of the scope of national authority. The jurisprudence of the commissions was contradictory and ambiguous. It took a lot of interpretive work by later scholars and codifiers to rationalise rules of responsibility out of these shaky foundations, as they battled for the meaning and authority of the arbitral practice. The legal debates were structured around whether the standard of protection against rebels owed to aliens was nationally or internationally determined and whether it was domestic or international authority that adjudicated such standard-a struggle over the internationalisation of protection against rebels.

Investments, Foreign (International law) --- Revolutions --- Arbitration (International law) --- International commercial arbitration. --- Government liability (International law) --- History --- International claims --- International law --- Sovereignty --- Claims --- Arbitration and award, International --- Commercial arbitration, International --- International arbitration and award --- International commercial arbitration --- Arbitration and award --- Conflict of laws --- Arbitration, International --- International arbitration --- International political arbitration --- Pacific settlement of international disputes --- International commissions of inquiry --- Jurisdiction (International law) --- Mediation, International --- Insurrections --- Rebellions --- Revolts --- Revolutionary wars --- Political science --- Political violence --- War --- Government, Resistance to --- International investment law --- Investment law, International --- Law and legislation

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The 1980 general strike in Poland and the establishment of the independent Solidarity movement, which sought to create a state based on civic freedom, were symptoms of a crisis of the communist system. On December 13, 1981, General Wojciech Jaruzelski on behalf of the ruling Communist Party imposed martial law effectively quashing Solidarity. Jaruzelski won the battle, but Solidarity continued itsrevolution in secret and Poland remained politically destabilized. Elections held in June 1989 ended with the defeat of the Communists and the establishment in September of a coalition government inwhich half of the parliamentary seats went to Solidarity, whose representative was also appointed prime minister. The revolution inaugurated in 1980 by the dockworkers of Gdansk had come to fruition. Revolution and Counterrevolution in Poland, 1980-1989 recounts and analyzes the events of this formative decade in Polish history, with particular emphasis on the martial law period. Drawing on extensive archival research, Andrzej Paczkowski examines the origin and form of the Solidarity revolution, the course of the Communist counterrevolution, and the final victory won by Solidarity along with its international repercussions. Andrzej Paczkowski is professor of political studies at the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw. Christina Manetti, Phd, is a translator and researcher of Polish history.

Revolutions --- Government, Resistance to --- Anti-communist movements --- Martial law --- Social change --- Democracy --- Révolutions --- Résistance au gouvernement --- Mouvements anticommunistes --- Loi martiale --- Changement social --- Démocratie --- History --- Histoire --- Pologne --- NSZZ "Solidarność" (Labor organization) --- History. --- Poland --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- Civil resistance --- Non-resistance to government --- Resistance to government --- Political science --- Political violence --- Insurgency --- Nonviolence --- Anti-communist resistance --- Underground, Anti-communist --- Communism --- Law, Martial --- Military law --- Change, Social --- Cultural change --- Cultural transformation --- Societal change --- Socio-cultural change --- Social history --- Social evolution --- Self-government --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- Insurrections --- Rebellions --- Revolts --- Revolutionary wars --- War --- Solidarité (Labor organization) --- Solidarität (Labor organization) --- Solidarność (Labor organization) --- Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy "Solidarność" --- Solidarity (Labor organization) --- Solidarnostʹ (Labor organization) --- Solidaridad (Labor organization) --- Solidariedade (Labor organization) --- Solidarita (Labor organization) --- Irgun "Solidariyut" (Poland) --- Solidariyut (Labor organization) --- Gewerkschaft Solidarność --- אירגון סולידריות --- Solidaritatea (Labor organization) --- Political resistance